What is Canine Parvovirus?
Canine parvovirus, or ‘parvo’ as it is commonly known, is a highly contagious virus that affects dogs, particularly those with weakened immune systems. It primarily attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing severe vomiting, diarrhoea (often bloody), lethargy, and in severe cases, death. Parvoviruses are species specific, which means that if a dog becomes infected, other non-dog pets and humans in the family will be safe.
How does Canine Parvovirus spread?
Parvovirus is transmitted through contact with infected faeces. Dogs can contract the virus by ingesting contaminated faeces, soil, or surfaces where the virus is present. The virus is highly contagious and highly resistant to the effects of heat, detergent, and alcohol. Therefore, if the environment has become contaminated by an infected dog, the virus can survive in the environment for many years.
What are the symptoms of Parvovirus?
The clinical signs associated with Canine Parvovirus vary depending on the stage of the disease, however the classic clinical signs include the following:
How Is Parvovirus diagnosed?
Parvovirus can be difficult to diagnose as it mimics the signs of other diseases which also cause vomiting and diarrhoea. The disease can be diagnosed by performing a faecal test, to detect the presence of virus in the faeces. Parvovirus is often suspected based on the clinical signs and the vaccination status of the dog.
How is Parvovirus treated?
If you suspect your dog may have contracted Parvovirus, it is crucial to seek veterinary care immediately. Treatment often involves intensive care, hospitalisation, including fluid therapy to address dehydration, anti-vomiting medication, antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and nutritional support.
How to prevent Canine Parvovirus?
The best way to protect your dog from Parvovirus is through vaccination. Puppies should receive a series of vaccinations starting at 6-8 weeks of age, with repeat vaccinations administered every 3-4 weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult dogs should receive regular revaccinations to maintain immunity. Additionally, practising good hygiene, such as cleaning up after your dog immediately and avoiding contact with infected animals, can help reduce the risk of exposure.
What if I don't want to vaccinate my dog?
Vaccination of all young dogs is essential to protect them from Parvovirus. If you are concerned about vaccinating your dog as it gets older, it is important to ensure that they are protected against Parvovirus. Titre testing is a blood test which can be performed to determine whether your dog has immunity against Parvovirus. If your dog’s titre test shows that they are protected against Parvovirus, then a vaccination may not be required. However, if the titre test does not demonstrate appropriate immunity, then a vaccination would be required. If you would prefer to perform titre testing rather than vaccinating, please discuss this with your vet.